It must have been
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It must have been
Latha breagha air choireigin saoilidh mi gun robh beagan a bharrachd fios agam gus Gaidhlig a chur air "It must have been".
Chaidh sin faighnheachd dhiom a-raoir agus 's e "Feumar e air a bhith" a thainig am barr nam cheann bhochd ach chan eil mi cinnteach idir, idir. A bheil beachd aig duine sam bith eile?
Chaidh sin faighnheachd dhiom a-raoir agus 's e "Feumar e air a bhith" a thainig am barr nam cheann bhochd ach chan eil mi cinnteach idir, idir. A bheil beachd aig duine sam bith eile?
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Re: It must have been
'S e "feumaidh gun robh..." "feumaidh gum b' e..." smsaa a dh'ionnsaich mise. Feumaidh + dependent past.
Feumaidh gun robh mi ann, ach chan eil cuimhne 'm.
Feumaidh gun tuirt e rudeigin, ach cha cuala mi sian.
Feumaidh gun robh mi ann, ach chan eil cuimhne 'm.
Feumaidh gun tuirt e rudeigin, ach cha cuala mi sian.
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Re: It must have been
Remember that in English we say "must have" for things that would otherwise take either the simple past or the present perfect.. or even the past perfect.
He must have arrived...
... by now -> he has arrived
... yesterday -> he arrived
... before it happened -> he had arrived
In English, we use the perfect because we've got no other way of indicating that it's a past event after another verb.
He must have arrived...
... by now -> he has arrived
... yesterday -> he arrived
... before it happened -> he had arrived
In English, we use the perfect because we've got no other way of indicating that it's a past event after another verb.
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Re: It must have been
'S dòcha gu bheil thu ceart - chan eil mi cinnteach idir. Ach bha mi a' coimhead air "feumar e" agus "feumaidh" agus chan eil mi builteach cinnteach air na tha iad a' ciallachadh. Oir "feumar e": fulangach, "it is musted"??? No "one must it"??? Agus "feumaidh" gun ainm: bhithinn an dùil rudeigin lethid "feumaidh mi a dhol ann" no "Feumaidh thu fàgail a-nis".
Cuideachd, bha mi a' smaointinn air "B' fheudar dhomh...", sin e, "I ought to..." agus a' smaoineachadh gum b' fheudar a bhith rudeigin coltach airson "it must have..." amsaa. Ach 's dòcha gu bheil cus Cuimris agam, m.e. "Rhaid iddo fod wedi dod" (he must have come) - gu litricheil, "Feum dha a bhith air tighinn" - ach chan eil sin ceart sa Ghàidhlig idir.
Dè mu dheidhinn fhacal leithid "Dh'fheumte" no "Feumar" (gun "e") an seo?
Cuideachd, bha mi a' smaointinn air "B' fheudar dhomh...", sin e, "I ought to..." agus a' smaoineachadh gum b' fheudar a bhith rudeigin coltach airson "it must have..." amsaa. Ach 's dòcha gu bheil cus Cuimris agam, m.e. "Rhaid iddo fod wedi dod" (he must have come) - gu litricheil, "Feum dha a bhith air tighinn" - ach chan eil sin ceart sa Ghàidhlig idir.
Dè mu dheidhinn fhacal leithid "Dh'fheumte" no "Feumar" (gun "e") an seo?
Re: It must have been
A thaobh 'feumaidh' air a chleachdadh gu neo-phearsanta, tha mi a' dol le Niall.
Tha eisimpleirean ann an Colin Mark, D. 295-6.
Feumaidh gu bheil thu am mearachd - you must be mistaken (it must be that you are in error).
Feumaidh gun robh e ro sgìth - he must have been too tired.
Tha 'feumar' ann cuideachd:
feumar a ràdh gun do rinn e a dhìcheall... it must be said that... (one must say)
feumar barrachd airgid fhaighinn - more money must be found (they must find)
Bidh mise ag eadar-theangachadh '-ar' le 'they/one'.
Chithear - one can see, faodar - one must/has to...
Mar sin, chan eil feum air 'e' as a dhèidh.
Tha eisimpleirean ann an Colin Mark, D. 295-6.
Feumaidh gu bheil thu am mearachd - you must be mistaken (it must be that you are in error).
Feumaidh gun robh e ro sgìth - he must have been too tired.
Tha 'feumar' ann cuideachd:
feumar a ràdh gun do rinn e a dhìcheall... it must be said that... (one must say)
feumar barrachd airgid fhaighinn - more money must be found (they must find)
Bidh mise ag eadar-theangachadh '-ar' le 'they/one'.
Chithear - one can see, faodar - one must/has to...
Mar sin, chan eil feum air 'e' as a dhèidh.
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Re: It must have been
Tapadh leibh a chàirdean, tha a h-uile càil sin gu math feumail agus cuiridh mi ceangail bhon duilleag seo dhan neach-ionnsachaidh eil aig an robh a' cheist ud.
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Re: It must have been
Ma tha thu mì-chinnteach gun do thachair e, 's urrainn dhut Dh'fhaoidte gum b' e / gun robh... a chleachdadh cha chreid. Ach 's dòcha gur e seo "It might have been" sa chànan eile?
Oileanach chànan chuthachail
Na dealbhan agam
Na dealbhan agam
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Re: It must have been
Funny you should mention b' fheudar, as it works the same way, as in this quote from The Scotsman:Seonaidh wrote:'S dòcha gu bheil thu ceart - chan eil mi cinnteach idir. Ach bha mi a' coimhead air "feumar e" agus "feumaidh" agus chan eil mi builteach cinnteach air na tha iad a' ciallachadh. Oir "feumar e": fulangach, "it is musted"??? No "one must it"??? Agus "feumaidh" gun ainm: bhithinn an dùil rudeigin lethid "feumaidh mi a dhol ann" no "Feumaidh thu fàgail a-nis".
Cuideachd, bha mi a' smaointinn air "B' fheudar dhomh...", sin e, "I ought to..." agus a' smaoineachadh gum b' fheudar a bhith rudeigin coltach airson "it must have..." amsaa.
Cha b'ann tric a bhithinn ag isteachd ri Rapal air Radio nan Gidheal, ach shaoil mi gum b' fheudar gun robh e a' coimhead mar oileanach leisg, le falt fada salach agus briogais reubte.
What's notable here is that he's using b' fheudar for a conclusion, whereas we wouldn't use ought to that way in English,
Edit: here's another interesting "b' fheudar", this time from the Free Presbyterian kirk:
"agus b' fheudar gu'm biodh foillseachadh nuadh air a thoirt dhoibh san fhasach"
Here, "b' fheudar + gu(n/m) + conditional" gives us what in English would be "ought to be". The English passive equivalent of the Gaelic sentence would be:
and a new revelation ought to be brought to them in the desert
Think about it... why should the thing that's being affected be promoted to the place usually reserved for the person of thing doing the action? Gaelic still does it with physical actions, but it refuses to do it with obligation... it's not the revelation's responsibility if it's not preached after all!
Last edited by Níall Beag on Mon Sep 23, 2013 8:53 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: It must have been
Tha sin ceart, a Nèill. 'S dòcha "should". Nach e rudeigin leithid "...but I imagined he should/would/ought to look like a lazy student..." Inntinneach "b' fheudar gun robh e a' coimhead..." seach "b' fheudar dha coimhead...". 'S dòcha gu bheil seo air sgàth a' ghnìomhair "coimhead": mar as àbhaist, "coimhead air an telebhisean" an àite "coimhead an telebhisein", agus mar sin bhite doirbh "...telebhisean a choimhead" agus a leithid fhaighinn.
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Re: It must have been
I don't think that's relevant... after all, verbs with no direct object are, if anything, easier because they don't need to invert.Seonaidh wrote:Tha sin ceart, a Nèill. 'S dòcha "should". Nach e rudeigin leithid "...but I imagined he should/would/ought to look like a lazy student..." Inntinneach "b' fheudar gun robh e a' coimhead..." seach "b' fheudar dha coimhead...". 'S dòcha gu bheil seo air sgàth a' ghnìomhair "coimhead": mar as àbhaist, "coimhead air an telebhisean" an àite "coimhead an telebhisein", agus mar sin bhite doirbh "...telebhisean a choimhead" agus a leithid fhaighinn.
It's a characteristic of Gaelic. Consider things like 'S docha gu bheil e ann. The main clause (with the "is" verb) doesn't mention the person, unlike English He might be there.
Also consider that the same thing holds for the equivalent of English I want you to do it... the person is left to the second (subordinate) clause:
Tha mi ag iarraidh gun dèan thusa e. (or should that be "gun deanadh"?)
(Incidentally, an almost identical structure occurs in the romance languages: French, Spanish, Italian etc.)
Re: It must have been
Dè mu dheidhinn
Tha mi ag iarraidh ort sin a dhèanamh?
Tha mi ag iarraidh ort sin a dhèanamh?
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Re: It must have been
God that's frightening, a Nèill! "I want you to do it"...glè diofraichte à "I want you", nach e? Agus tha daoine ann aig nach eil Beurla o thùs a shoirbhicheas na h-ionnsachadh!
Chan eil mi cinnteach air "'S dòcha gu bheil e ann" airson "He might be there": "Maybe he's there"?
Bu toil leam nan dèanadh tu e...ach dè tha "I want you to do it" a' ciallachadh san fhìrinn? "It would please me were you to do it", no "You will do it or else", no rudeigin eatarra? Tha e glè dhoirbh ga thuigsinn gun a chluinntinn. Agus an co-theacsa.
Chan eil mi cinnteach air "'S dòcha gu bheil e ann" airson "He might be there": "Maybe he's there"?
Bu toil leam nan dèanadh tu e...ach dè tha "I want you to do it" a' ciallachadh san fhìrinn? "It would please me were you to do it", no "You will do it or else", no rudeigin eatarra? Tha e glè dhoirbh ga thuigsinn gun a chluinntinn. Agus an co-theacsa.
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Re: It must have been
I think the problem here is my choice of pronoun. If we switch to "e", the difference should be clear:faoileag wrote:Dè mu dheidhinn
Tha mi ag iarraidh ort sin a dhèanamh?
Tha mi ag iarraidh air sin a dhèanamh.
Tha mi ag iarraidh gun dèan e sin.
Does "he" know you want him to do it? In the first sentence he does (because you're saying you're asking him), whereas the second doesn't make it clear whether he's been asked or not.
Consider in English:
John: Jack, will you shut the door
Jim:I'll do it.
Now John can say either I want Jack to do it or I'm asking Jack to do it and they mean the same thing in this context, because we know Jack heard the request. (Which is why "thusa" was a bad example. "thusa" will almost certainly hear the request!)
But if we go for something teen-angsty like:
I want people to notice me.
or
want him to invite me to the prom. (most teen angst on the tellie is from the USA, after all)
we're led to assume that "people" and "him" don't know.
Now instead of being equivalent to I'm asking X to Y, it's closer to I wish that X would Y, which itself is closer to the Gaelic tha mi ag iarraidh gun... structure.
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Re: It must have been
Both are acceptable translations. My point was to show that English has a tendency to take the person being speculated on and put him in the subject position in the main clause, while Gaelic doesn't.Seonaidh wrote:Chan eil mi cinnteach air "'S dòcha gu bheil e ann" airson "He might be there": "Maybe he's there"?
To use "maybe" for this would be possible, but is slightly more complicated, but you've brought it up, and it's the cause of many learner errors, so let's run with it....
"Maybe" in modern English is an adverb, and is pretty flexible in terms of word order. Maybe I'll do it; I'll maybe see you there; I could maybe help; I'll be there, maybe.
But its etymology is fairly clear from looking at its form: "may be". It was originally, like 's dòcha is, a separate clause: it may be that ... (Consider also fixed phrases such as "that's as may be".) English's love of promoting non-active parties to the main clause is no doubt responsible, in part at least, for this becoming an adverb.